{"id":3997,"date":"2025-10-10T16:54:03","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3997"},"modified":"2025-10-10T16:54:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:54:03","slug":"determination-of-calcium-in-milk-powder-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/applications\/determination-of-calcium-in-milk-powder-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh canxi trong b\u1ed9t s\u1eefa (quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1eeda)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n
Sau khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch lanthanum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. M\u1eabu sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda trong m\u1ed9t quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 422,7 nm. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n
\n

2. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/h2>\n

2.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nM\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e8n cathode r\u1ed7ng canxi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nM\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u00c1p su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: 0,3 MPa<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nKh\u00ed Acetylene<\/td>\n1 xi lanh<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u2265 99,99%<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nC\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m: 0,1 mg<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nQuartz Crucible<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 100 ml<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nL\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: 2000 W<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nL\u00f2 Muffle<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: 1000 \u2103<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nT\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng ~ 300 \u2103<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nMicropipette<\/td>\n1 m\u1ed7i<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi: 100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Flask<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 100 ml, 1000 ml<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n\u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0u<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 50 ml<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00f4<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\naxit nitric<\/td>\nL\u1edbp MOS<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nAxit clorhydric<\/td>\nThu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o (GR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nOxit Lanthanum<\/td>\nThu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o (GR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit nitric (5 95)<\/td>\n\u0110o 50 ml axit nitric v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 950 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit nitric (1 1)<\/td>\n\u0110o 50 ml axit nitric v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 50 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit clorhydric (1 1)<\/td>\n\u0110o 50 ml axit clorhydric v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 50 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.3 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nKh\u00f4ng.<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGBW (E) 080261<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 canxi<\/td>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9: 1000 \u03bcg \/ ml<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

3.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 2 g m\u1eabu (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,0001 g) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea3o th\u1ea1ch anh 100 ml. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 carbon h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00f2 muffle, sau \u0111\u00f3 tro \u1edf 550 \u2103 trong 3 ~ 4 gi\u1edd. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a ra sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tro ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt axit nitric, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u1edf 150 \u2103 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00f2 muffle \u1edf 550 \u2103 \u0111\u1ec3 tro th\u00eam trong 1 ~ 2 gi\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tro tr\u1eafng. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea3o, th\u00eam 2 ml dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric (1 1), \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u1edf 150 \u2103 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan m\u1eabu. Sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, pha lo\u00e3ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u trong \u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0u 50 mL v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng th\u1eed ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    Pipet 1 mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL, th\u00eam 5 mL dung d\u1ecbch lanthanum (20 g \/ L), pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric (5 95), v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed tr\u1ed1ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Tr\u1eeb khi kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam m\u1eabu, lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.1.2 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h4>\n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n canxi<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    Pipet 0 mL, 0,10 mL, 0,20 mL, 0,30 mL v\u00e0 0,40 mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n canxi (1000 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u00eam 5 ml dung d\u1ecbch lanthanum (20 g \/ L) v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric (5 95), v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n canxi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 0 \u03bcg \/ mL, 1,00 \u03bcg \/ mL, 2,00 \u03bcg \/ mL, 3,00 \u03bcg \/ mL v\u00e0 4,00 \u03bcg \/ mL.<\/p><\/div>\n

    3.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

    1) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
    \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham chi\u1ebfu cho Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer<\/strong><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/td>\n422,7 nm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5<\/td>\n0,4 nm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110\u00e8n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td>\n3,0 mA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ed1t<\/td>\nT\u1eeb 10 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n1600 ml \/ ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c1p su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/td>\n0,22 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    2) Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n canxi v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi trong chu\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 abscissa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu v\u00e0o m\u00e1y phun t\u1eed, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Method Overview After the sample is digested, a lanthanum solution is added as a releasing agent. The sample is then atomized by a flame in an atomic absorption spectrometer, and the absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 422.7 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance is proportional to the calcium content. Quantitative […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-food-and-drugs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3997\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3997"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}