{"id":3993,"date":"2025-10-10T16:45:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3993"},"modified":"2025-10-10T16:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:45:18","slug":"determination-of-chromium-in-refined-sulfur-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/applications\/determination-of-chromium-in-refined-sulfur-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry-2","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Chromium trong l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh tinh ch\u1ebf (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n
Sau khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 357,9 nm th\u00f4ng qua nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a l\u00f2 graphite. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a crom t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n
\n

2. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGraphite l\u00f2 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed quang ph\u1ed5<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e8n cathode r\u1ed7ng chromium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nKh\u00ed Argon<\/td>\n1 xi lanh<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u2265 99,99%<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nS\u1ee9 Crucible<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 100 ml<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nL\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nMicropipette<\/td>\n1 m\u1ed7i<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi: 100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL<\/td>\nM\u1eb9o: 1 ml, 5 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00f4<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\naxit nitric<\/td>\nL\u1edbp MOS<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit nitric (1 99)<\/td>\n\u0110o 1 ml axit nitric, th\u00eam v\u00e0o 99 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.3 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nKh\u00f4ng.<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGSB 04-1740-2004<\/td>\nM\u1eabu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng qu\u1ed1c gia – Chromium<\/td>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9: 1000 \u03bcg \/ ml<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i phi s\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

3.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n
Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5 g m\u1eabu (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,1 g) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ea3o s\u1ee9 100 ml. N\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5m tr\u00ean l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu ch\u00e1y. Di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hood kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u00f3 tr\u00ean l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong 5 ph\u00fat n\u1eefa. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Th\u00eam 5 ml axit nitric v\u00e0 15 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, chuy\u1ec3n dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0u 25 mL, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t.<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trung gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Chromium<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    B\u01a1m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 100 \u03bcL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cr\u00f4m qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL. Pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng (1 99) dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch trung gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n crom v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1 \u03bcg \/ mL.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Chromium Standard Series<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    Pipet 0,0, 0,25, 0,5, 1,0 v\u00e0 2,0 mL dung d\u1ecbch trung gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cr\u00f4m (1 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u00eam (99) dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cr\u00f4m v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,0, 2,5, 5,0, 10,0 v\u00e0 20,0 ng \/ mL.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

    (1) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
    \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o cho m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00f2 Graphite<\/strong><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/td>\nCrom (Cr)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (nm)<\/td>\n357.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5 (nm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110\u00e8n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (mA)<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ecdc<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Th\u1eddi gian t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (s)<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m l\u00f2 Graphite<\/strong><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian s\u1ea5y (s)<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tro (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian Ashing (s)<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a (s)<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch (s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Cr<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n2300<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n2400<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    (2) Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
    M\u1edf xi lanh argon v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t argon l\u00ean 0,5 MPa. \u0110\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed tr\u1ed1ng, lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch m\u1eabu \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 357,9 nm.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cr\u00f4m (\u03bcg \/ L) nh\u01b0 abscissa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Method Overview After the sample is digested, its absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 357.9 nm via graphite furnace atomization. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance of chromium is proportional to its content. Quantitative determination is conducted by comparing with a standard series. 2. Instruments and Reagents 2.1 Instruments and Equipment 2.1.1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-petrochemical-and-chemical","category-applications"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3993"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}