{"id":3912,"date":"2025-09-09T11:13:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T03:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3912"},"modified":"2025-09-09T11:13:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T03:13:25","slug":"determination-of-chromium-in-wheel-hub-surface-paint-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/applications\/determination-of-chromium-in-wheel-hub-surface-paint-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Chromium trong s\u01a1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Wheel Hub (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n
Trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u01a1n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 primer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y x\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a vi s\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cr\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ed5 \u0111o h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 357,9 nm.<\/div>\n
\n

2. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/h2>\n

2.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a vi s\u00f3ng<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i; \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: \u00b1 0,1 \u2103<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m: 0,1 mg<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nT\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n1 b\u1ed9<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\nFlask kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0u<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00f4<\/h4>\n
(Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y)<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit nitric (1 99)<\/td>\n\u0110o 10 ml axit nitric, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00eam v\u00e0o 990 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc deionized, v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p amoni clorua (40 g \/ L)<\/td>\nTr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4 g amoni clorua, h\u00f2a tan n\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc deionized, v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.3 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng qu\u1ed1c gia – Chromium<\/td>\nGSB 04-1723-2004 (a); N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9: 1000 \u03bcg \/ ml<\/td>\nTrung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kim lo\u1ea1i phi s\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3. Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

3.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n
X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1nh xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, s\u01a1n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 primer b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y c\u1ea1o. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,2 g m\u1eabu (tr\u00ean c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), th\u00eam 7 ml axit nitric v\u00e0 2 ml hydro peroxide, che b\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Sau khi ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i axit \u1edf 160 \u2103 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 1 mL. Chuy\u1ec3n dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0u 25 mL v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i ion, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i ion, l\u1eafc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef (ph\u00fat)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n170<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong m\u1eabu ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, l\u1ecdc n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc 0,45 \u03bcm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Chromium Standard Series:
    Pipet ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,0 mL, 0,1 mL, 0,2 mL v\u00e0 0,3 mL dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cr\u00f4m (1000 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u00eam 5 ml dung d\u1ecbch amoni clorua 40 g \/ L v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric (99), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n chromium v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,0 \u03bcg \/ mL, 1,0 \u03bcg \/ mL, 2,0 \u03bcg \/ mL v\u00e0 3,0 \u03bcg \/ mL.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra
      \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1eeda<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (nm)<\/th>\nChi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khe<\/th>\n\u0110\u00e8n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (mA)<\/th>\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00ed<\/th>\nS\u1eeda n\u1ec1n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      357.9<\/td>\n0.22<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n2500<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      (Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung)<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


      <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu
        \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1eabu theo chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eadp tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1. Method Overview The wheel hub is cleaned with purified water, dried, and its surface topcoat, coating paint, and primer are scraped off with a scraper. Microwave digestion is adopted, and the concentration of chromium is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry at a wavelength of 357.9 nm. 2. Instruments and Reagents 2.1 Instruments and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-bio-tech-and-life-sciences"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3912\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3912"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}