{"id":3790,"date":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3790"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","slug":"determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/applications\/determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ec trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n
Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a trong l\u00f2 graphite v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf 283,3 nm. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n
\n

2. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/h2>\n

2.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Micropipette<\/td>\n1 m\u1ed7i<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL, 5 ~ 50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u00e3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\n100 mL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nPh\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nMicropipette<\/td>\n1 m\u1ed7i<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL, 5 ~ 50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nNh\u00e3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/td>\n100 mL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nAxit nitric<\/td>\nL\u1edbp MOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.3 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 Serial<\/th>\nKh\u00f4ng.<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng GBW 08619<\/td>\nCh\u00ec ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n1000 \u03bcg \/ ml<\/td>\nVi\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

3. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

3.1 X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n
L\u1ea5y 100 ml m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00eam 0,5 ml axit nitric v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1eabu.<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb dung d\u1ecbch trung gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec (1,0 \u03bcg \/ mL): \u0110\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,1 mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec (1000 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 mL, th\u00eam 0,5 mL dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1eafc t\u1ed1t.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec: Ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 v\u00e0 0,4 mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec (1,0 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10 mL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u00eam 0,5 ml dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,0, 10,0, 20,0, 30,0 v\u00e0 40,0 ng \/ mL.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00f2 graphite<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nCh\u1ee7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (nm)<\/td>\n283.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5 (nm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e8n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 (mA)<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ec1n<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e8n Deuterium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m l\u00f2 Graphite<\/strong><\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>\nTh\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u2103)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian Ramp (s)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef (s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      1<\/td>\nS\u1ea5y kh\u00f4<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2<\/td>\nAshing<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a<\/td>\n1800<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      4<\/td>\nD\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p<\/td>\n1900<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 abscissa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3.3 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n
        C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/div>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/div>\n
        \u03c1 - N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec trong m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eb1ng miligram m\u1ed7i l\u00edt (mg \/ L);<\/div>\n
        \u03c11<\/span>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec trong m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, b\u1eb1ng nanogram m\u1ed7i milil\u00edt (ng \/ mL);<\/div>\n
        V1<\/span>\u00a0Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1eb1ng milil\u00edt (mL);<\/div>\n
        V<\/span>\u00a0Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eb1ng milil\u00edt (mL);<\/div>\n
        1000 Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1. Method Overview After appropriate treatment, the sample is atomized in a graphite furnace, and the absorbance is measured at 283.3 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance of lead is proportional to its content, and quantification is performed by comparison with a standard series. 2. Instruments and Reagents 2.1 Instruments and Equipment 2.1.1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-food-and-drugs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3790"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3790\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3790"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}