{"id":3729,"date":"2025-07-15T14:28:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T06:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3729"},"modified":"2025-07-15T14:28:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T06:28:11","slug":"determination-of-palladium-in-oseltamivir-phosphate-by-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/applications\/determination-of-palladium-in-oseltamivir-phosphate-by-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Palladium trong Oseltamivir Phosphate b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 Graphite"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sau khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong axit nitric 2%, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u00f2 graphite c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Sau khi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf 247,6nm. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng palladium v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>2. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>2.1.1 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (\u0111\u00e8n cathode r\u1ed7ng Palladium)<\/p>\n<p>Argon kh\u00ed 1 xi lanh \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u2265 99,99%<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t (d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: 3,5L \/ ph\u00fat)<\/p>\n<p>2.1.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<p>Micropipette<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>\u1ed1ng th\u1eed M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/p>\n<p>2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<p>2.2.1 Thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<p>Axit nitric<\/p>\n<p>2.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>(2 98) Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p axit nitric \u0110o 20mL axit nitric, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00eam v\u00e0o 980mL n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>3.1 \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/p>\n<p>3.1.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,04g m\u1eabu v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng th\u1eed 10mL, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric (2 98), tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>3.1.2 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n<p>1) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trung gian ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n palladium:<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n palladium (1,0\u03bcg \/ mL): \u0110\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,1mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n palladium (1000\u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100mL, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi (2 98) dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric v\u00e0 l\u1eafc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n palladium:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u01a1m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 v\u00e0 0,4 mL dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n palladium (1,0 \u03bcg \/ mL) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10mL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi (2 98) dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ea9n palladium v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,0, 10,0, 20,0, 30,0, 40,0 ng \/ mL.<\/p>\n<p>3.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/p>\n<p>1) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00f2 graphite<\/p>\n<p>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Palladium<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (nm) 247,6<\/p>\n<p>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5 (nm) 0,2<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e8n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (mA) 6<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e8n Deuterium<\/p>\n<p>2) Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<br \/>\nTi\u00eam 15\u03bcL c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n palladium v\u00e0o l\u00f2 graphite \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Sau khi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 abscissa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eadp tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-3730\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u56fe\u72471-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u56fe\u72471-1.png 198w, https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u56fe\u72471-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 172px) 100vw, 172px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n<p>X &#8212; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng palladium trong m\u1eabu (mg \/ kg);<\/p>\n<p>\u03c1&#8211; N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng palladi trong dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu (\u03bcg \/ L);<\/p>\n<p>\u03c10\u00a0&#8212; N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng palladi trong dung d\u1ecbch tr\u1ed1ng (\u03bcg \/ L);<\/p>\n<p>V &#8212; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1eabu sau kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (mL);<\/p>\n<p>m &#8212; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu (g);<\/p>\n<p>1000 &#8212; Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Method Overview After the sample is dissolved in 2% nitric acid, it is injected into the graphite furnace of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After electrothermal atomization, it absorbs the resonance line at 247.6nm. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance is proportional to the palladium content, and quantification is performed by comparison with the standard [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-bio-tech-and-life-sciences"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3729"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3729"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}