{"id":3683,"date":"2025-06-26T11:50:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T03:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3683"},"modified":"2025-06-27T17:36:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T09:36:11","slug":"how-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-identifies-complex-gases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/vi\/news\/how-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-identifies-complex-gases\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc kh\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p"},"content":{"rendered":"
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? Hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n’ H\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c? GC-MS cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong blog n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch GC-MS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao PERSEE<\/u><\/a>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 GC-MS h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n GC-MS tr\u1ed9n hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00e3n s\u1eafc h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed (GC) chia c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (MS) \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho GC-MS ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 chia m\u1eabu th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n GC-MS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong GC, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t kh\u00ed inert mang ch\u00fang qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd d\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u1edbp l\u00f3t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, MS nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a GC-MS. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n GC-MS c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 GC-MS. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu:<\/p>\n Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea7m. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1eabu \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GC. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t kh\u00ed an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 heli, mang n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1edbp l\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch ra. M\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n Sau khi t\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nh\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng bit n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, GC-MS \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho GC-MS tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n GC-MS h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n GC-MS r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 benzen ho\u1eb7c toluene. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, GC-MS ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0 dung m\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Trong y h\u1ecdc, GC-MS gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1ed1c an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y dung m\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu\u1ed1c an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u01a1i th\u1edf cho c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch GC-MS gi\u00fap khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n GC-MS c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n GC-MS r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf, th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean t\u1ef7 (ppb). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n GC-MS x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n GC-MS hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a PERSEE, r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u00f3 qu\u00e9t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nC\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h3>\n
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T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n
Theo d\u00f5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h3>\n