{"id":3909,"date":"2025-09-09T11:09:12","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T03:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3909"},"modified":"2025-09-09T11:09:12","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T03:09:12","slug":"determination-of-total-selenium-in-satsuma-mandarin-hydride-generation-atomic-fluorescence-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/applications\/determination-of-total-selenium-in-satsuma-mandarin-hydride-generation-atomic-fluorescence-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"Satsuma Mandarinde Toplam Seleniyumun Belirlenmesi (Hidrit Jenerasyonu Atomik Floresans Spektrometrisi)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Y\u00f6ntem Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n
Numune asit ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak sindirildikten sonra, numunedeki alt\u0131 de\u011ferli selenyum 6 mol \/ L hidroklorik asit ortam\u0131nda tetravalent selenyuma indirilir. Potasyum borohidrit, hidroklorik asit ortam\u0131nda tetravalent selenyumu hidrojen seleni\u011fe indirmek i\u00e7in bir azalt\u0131c\u0131 ajan olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hidrojen selen\u00fcr atomizasyon i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gaz (argon) taraf\u0131ndan atomizasyona ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Selenyum bo\u015f katot lambas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanmas\u0131 alt\u0131nda, temel durumdaki selenyum atomlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek enerji durumuna uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Deaktive edildi\u011finde ve temel duruma geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, karakteristik bir dalga uzunlu\u011fu ile floresan yayarlarlar. Floresans yo\u011funlu\u011fu selenyum i\u00e7eri\u011fine orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve standart serilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda miqdarl\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n

2. Aletler ve Reagentler<\/h2>\n

2.1 Aletler ve Ekipmanlar<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 Test Aletleri<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Seri numaras\u0131.<\/th>\n\u0130sim<\/th>\nMiktar<\/th>\nTeknik Gereksinimler<\/th>\nAksesuarlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nAtom Floresans Spektrofotometri<\/td>\n1 set<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nSelenyum Bo\u015f Katod Lambas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nArgon Gaz\u0131<\/td>\n1 silindir<\/td>\nSafl\u0131k \u2265% 99,999<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 \u00d6rnek \u00d6n Tedavi Ekipmanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Seri numaras\u0131.<\/th>\n\u0130sim<\/th>\nMiktar<\/th>\nTeknik Gereksinimler<\/th>\nAksesuarlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nElektronik Denge<\/td>\n1 set<\/td>\nHassasiyet: 1 mg<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nMikrodalga Sindirim Sistemi<\/td>\n1 set<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nPolitetrafluoroetilen (PTFE) sindirim i\u00e7 tank\u0131, sindirim asit s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc cihaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nAyarlanabilir S\u0131cak Plaka<\/td>\n1 set<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nMikropipet<\/td>\nHer biri 1 (100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nKolorimetrik T\u00fcp<\/td>\nBirka\u00e7 (10 mL)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Reagentler<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Ham Reagentler<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Seri numaras\u0131.<\/th>\n\u0130sim<\/th>\nTeknik Gereksinimler<\/th>\nNotlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nNitrik Asit<\/td>\nGarantili Reagent (GR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nHidrojen Peroksit<\/td>\nGarantili Reagent (GR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nHidroklorik Asit<\/td>\nGarantili Reagent (GR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nPotasyum Hidroksit<\/td>\nAnalitik Reagent (AR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nPotasyum Borohidr\u00fcr<\/td>\nAnalitik Reagent (AR)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Haz\u0131rlanan Reagentler<\/h4>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Seri numaras\u0131.<\/th>\n\u0130sim<\/th>\nHaz\u0131rlama Y\u00f6ntemi<\/th>\nNotlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nHidroklorik Asit \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (6 mol \/ L)<\/td>\n50 mL hidroklorik asit \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn, yava\u015f yava\u015f 40 mL suya ekleyin, so\u011futun, sonra 100 mL suyla seyreltin ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nPotasyum Hidroksit \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (5 g\/L)<\/td>\n5 g potasyum hidroksit a\u011f\u0131rlay\u0131n, 1000 mL suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nPotasyum Borohidrit Alkali \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm (15 g \/ L)<\/td>\n15 g potasyum borohidrit a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verin, potasyum hidroksit \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde (5 g \/ L) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/td>\nKullanmadan \u00f6nce taze haz\u0131rlay\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nHidroklorik Asit (10 90)<\/td>\n50 ml hidroklorik asit \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn, yava\u015f yava\u015f 450 ml suya ekleyin ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Operasyon Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h2>\n

3.1 \u00d6rnek Haz\u0131rlama<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Test \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fi ezip homojenize edin ve temiz bir \u00f6rnek torbas\u0131nda saklay\u0131n.
0.2 g a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k – 0,3 g \u00f6rnek (0,001 g'e kadar do\u011fru), sindirim t\u00fcb\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirin, 8 mL nitrik asit ve 1 mL hidrojen peroksit ekleyin, sallay\u0131n ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n, sonra mikrodalga sindirim aletinde sindirin. \u00d6nerilen mikrodalga sindirim ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir (sindirim ko\u015fullar\u0131 farkl\u0131 aletlere g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ayarlanabilir). Sindirimden sonra sindirim t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc so\u011futun, ard\u0131ndan sindirim asit s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc cihaz\u0131na yerle\u015ftirin ve hacim yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 mL olana kadar s\u00fcrekli olarak 140 \u00b0C'de \u0131s\u0131t\u0131n (kurulu\u011fa buharla\u015fmay\u0131n). T\u00fcp\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n, 5 mL hidroklorik asit \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (6 mol \/ L) ekleyin, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm beyaz dumanlarla a\u00e7\u0131k ve renksiz hale gelene kadar \u0131s\u0131tmaya devam edin, sonra \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve so\u011futun. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc 10 mL hacimli bir kolba deiyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su ile aktar\u0131n, i\u015faretlenmi\u015f hacime su ile seyreltin, iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve test i\u00e7in ay\u0131r\u0131n. Ayn\u0131 anda bir reaktif bo\u015f testi yap\u0131n.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mikrodalga Sindirim S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fckseltme Program\u0131<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m<\/th>\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ \u00b0C<\/th>\nTutma S\u00fcresi \/ dakika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Standart \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Selenyum Standart Ara \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 (1 \u03bcg \/ mL):
    100 \u03bcL selenyum standart \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (1000 \u03bcg \/ mL) 100 mL hacimli bir kolba do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde pipet edin, 20 mL hidroklorik asit ekleyin, i\u015faretlenmi\u015f hacime su ile seyreltin ve iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Selenyum Standart \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 (10 ng \/ mL):
    1,0 mL selenyum standart ara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (1 \u03bcg \/ mL) 100 mL hacimli bir kolba do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde pipet edin, 20 mL hidroklorik asit ekleyin, i\u015faretlenmi\u015f hacime su ile seyreltin ve test i\u00e7in iyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Selenyum Standart Serisinin Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131:
    Cihaz, 0,00 ng\/mL, 1,00 ng\/mL, 2,00 ng\/mL, 4,00 ng\/mL, 8,00 ng\/mL ve 10,00 ng\/mL konsantrasyonlar\u0131 olan standart bir seri haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in otomatik olarak seyreltilir.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 \u00d6rnek Testi<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Test Ko\u015fullar\u0131
      Atomik Floresans Spektrofotometri i\u00e7in Referans Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Negatif Y\u00fcksek Gerilim (V)<\/th>\n280<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Lamba Ak\u0131m\u0131 (mA)<\/td>\n50\/50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Atomizasyon S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00b0C)<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 Gaz Ak\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131 (mL \/ dakika)<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Koruma Gaz Ak\u0131\u015f H\u0131z\u0131 (mL \/ dakika)<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm Y\u00f6ntemi<\/td>\nStandart E\u011fri Y\u00f6ntemi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Okuma Modu<\/td>\nZirve Alan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Gecikme S\u00fcresi(ler)<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Okuma S\u00fcresi (s)<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00d6rnek Enjeksiyon Hacimi (mL)<\/td>\n1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00d6rnek testi
        Aleti optimal duruma ayarlay\u0131n. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak hidroklorik asit (10 90) ve azalt\u0131c\u0131 ajan olarak potasyum borohidr\u00fcr alkali \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm (15 g \/ L) kullan\u0131n. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k de\u011feri 10.0'dan az olduktan sonra, fluoresans yo\u011funlu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in selenyum standart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc enjekte edin. Standart e\u011frisini k\u00fctle konsantrasyonu absisa olarak ve floresan yo\u011funlu\u011fu ordinat olarak \u00e7izin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Standart seri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn belirlenmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lanlarla ayn\u0131 deneysel ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, s\u0131ras\u0131yla bo\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ve \u00f6rnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc alete girin, floresan yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin ve standart seriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak miktarlanmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1. Method Overview After the sample is digested by heating with acid, hexavalent selenium in the sample is reduced to tetravalent selenium in a 6 mol\/L hydrochloric acid medium. Potassium borohydride is used as a reducing agent to reduce tetravalent selenium to hydrogen selenide in the hydrochloric acid medium. The hydrogen selenide is carried into […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-food-and-drugs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3909\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}