{"id":3790,"date":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3790"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","slug":"determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/th\/applications\/determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e4d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e15\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e14\u0e37\u0e48\u0e21 (\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e04\u0e42\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e21\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e39\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e15\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e15\u0e4c)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Method Overview<\/h2>\n
After appropriate treatment, the sample is atomized in a graphite furnace, and the absorbance is measured at 283.3 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance of lead is proportional to its content, and quantification is performed by comparison with a standard series.<\/div>\n
\n

2. Instruments and Reagents<\/h2>\n

2.1 Instruments and Equipment<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 Testing Instruments<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Name<\/th>\nQuantity<\/th>\nTechnical Requirements<\/th>\nAccessories<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Micropipette<\/td>\n1 each<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL~1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL~5000 \u03bcL, 5~50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Volumetric flask<\/td>\nSeveral<\/td>\n100 mL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Pretreatment Equipment<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serial No.<\/th>\nName<\/th>\nQuantity<\/th>\nTechnical Requirements<\/th>\nAccessories<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nMicropipette<\/td>\n1 each<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL~1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL~5000 \u03bcL, 5~50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nVolumetric flask<\/td>\nSeveral<\/td>\n100 mL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Reagents<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Reagents<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serial No.<\/th>\nName<\/th>\nTechnical Requirements<\/th>\nRemarks<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nNitric acid<\/td>\nMOS grade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.3 Reference Standards<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Stock Solutions<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serial No.<\/th>\nNo.<\/th>\nName<\/th>\nTechnical Requirements<\/th>\nRemarks<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nGBW 08619<\/td>\nLead single-element solution standard substance<\/td>\n1000 \u03bcg\/mL<\/td>\nNational Institute of Metrology, China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

3. Operational Procedures<\/h2>\n

3.1 Sample Processing<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Preparation of Test Solution<\/h4>\n
Take 100 mL of water sample into a volumetric flask, add 0.5 mL of nitric acid, and mix well. Perform a blank test alongside the sample.<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Preparation of Standard Solutions<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Preparation of lead standard intermediate solution: Lead standard solution (1.0 \u03bcg\/mL): Accurately pipette 0.1 mL of lead standard solution (1000 \u03bcg\/mL) into a 100 mL volumetric flask, add 0.5 mL of nitric acid solution, dilute to the mark, and shake well.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Preparation of lead standard series: Accurately pipette 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mL of lead standard solution (1.0 \u03bcg\/mL) into 10 mL volumetric flasks respectively. Add 0.5 mL of nitric acid solution to each, dilute to the mark, and obtain lead standard series solutions with concentrations of 0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 ng\/mL.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 Sample Testing<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Testing Conditions Reference conditions for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer detection<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Element<\/th>\nLead<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Wavelength (nm)<\/td>\n283.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Spectral bandwidth (nm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Element lamp current (mA)<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Background correction method<\/td>\nDeuterium lamp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Graphite Furnace Heating Program<\/strong><\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Step<\/th>\nProcedure<\/th>\nTemperature (\u2103)<\/th>\nRamp Time (s)<\/th>\nHold Time (s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      1<\/td>\nDrying<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2<\/td>\nAshing<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3<\/td>\nAtomization<\/td>\n1800<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      4<\/td>\nCleaning<\/td>\n1900<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Sample Testing Determine the absorbance of standard solutions, blank test solutions, and test solutions in sequence. Subtract the absorbance of the zero standard solution from the absorbance of each standard solution. Plot a working curve with mass concentration as the abscissa and the corresponding absorbance as the ordinate. Based on the measured absorbance of the test solution, find the mass concentration of lead from the working curve.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3.3 Result Calculation<\/h3>\n
        Formula:<\/div>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Where:<\/div>\n
        \u03c1\u2014\u2014 Mass concentration of lead in the water sample, in milligrams per liter (mg\/L);<\/div>\n
        \u03c11<\/span>\u2014\u2014 Mass concentration of lead in the water sample obtained from the standard curve, in nanograms per milliliter (ng\/mL);<\/div>\n
        V1<\/span>\u00a0\u2014\u2014 Volume of the sample solution for determination, in milliliters (mL);<\/div>\n
        V<\/span>\u00a0\u2014\u2014 Volume of the original water sample, in milliliters (mL);<\/div>\n
        1000 \u2014\u2014 Conversion factor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n