{"id":3790,"date":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3790"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:03:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T08:03:51","slug":"determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/applications\/determination-of-lead-in-drinking-water-graphite-furnace-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"Determina\u00e7\u00e3o do chumbo na \u00e1gua pot\u00e1vel (espectrometria de absor\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00f4mica do forno de grafito)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Vista geral do m\u00e9todo<\/h2>\n
Ap\u00f3s tratamento adequado, a amostra \u00e9 atomizada em um forno de grafito, e a absorb\u00eancia \u00e9 medida a 283,3 nm. Dentro de uma certa gama de concentra\u00e7\u00f5es, a absorp\u00e7\u00e3o do chumbo \u00e9 proporcional ao seu conte\u00fado, e a quantifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 realizada em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com uma s\u00e9rie padr\u00e3o.<\/div>\n
\n

2. Instrumentos e Reagentes<\/h2>\n

2.1 Instrumentos e equipamento<\/h3>\n

2.1.1 Instrumentos de ensaio<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nome<\/th>\nQuantidade<\/th>\nRequisitos T\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\nAcess\u00f3rios<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Micropipeta<\/td>\n1 cada<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL~1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL~5000 \u03bcL, 5~50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flaco volum\u00e9trico<\/td>\nV\u00e1rios<\/td>\n100 ml<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.1.2 Equipamento de pr\u00e9-tratamento<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serie No.<\/th>\nNome<\/th>\nQuantidade<\/th>\nRequisitos T\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\nAcess\u00f3rios<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nMicropipeta<\/td>\n1 cada<\/td>\n100 \u03bcL~1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL~5000 \u03bcL, 5~50 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nFlaco volum\u00e9trico<\/td>\nV\u00e1rios<\/td>\n100 ml<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

2.2 Reagentes<\/h3>\n

2.2.1 Reagentes<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serie No.<\/th>\nNome<\/th>\nRequisitos T\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\nObserva\u00e7\u00f5es<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n\u00c1cido n\u00edtrico<\/td>\nGrado MOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2.3 Normas de refer\u00eancia<\/h3>\n

2.3.1 Solu\u00e7\u00f5es de a\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h4>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
Serie No.<\/th>\nN\u00e3o.<\/th>\nNome<\/th>\nRequisitos T\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\nObserva\u00e7\u00f5es<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n08619 GBW<\/td>\nSubst\u00e2ncia padr\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00e3o de um \u00fanico elemento de chumbo<\/td>\n1000 \u03bcg\/ml<\/td>\nInstituto Nacional de Metrologia, China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

3. Procedimentos operacionais<\/h2>\n

3.1 Processo de amostras<\/h3>\n

3.1.1 Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da Solu\u00e7\u00e3o de Testes<\/h4>\n
Pegue 100 ml de amostra de \u00e1gua em um flask volum\u00e9trico, adiciona 0,5 ml de \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico e mistura bem. Faz um teste em branco ao lado da amostra.<\/div>\n

3.1.2 Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es padr\u00e3o<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00e3o intermedi\u00e1ria padr\u00e3o de chumbo: Solu\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o de chumbo (1,0 \u03bcg\/mL): Pipeta precisamente 0,1 mL de solu\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o de chumbo (1000 \u03bcg\/mL) em um flask volum\u00e9trico de 100 mL, adiciona 0,5 mL de solu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico, dilui para a marca e agite bem.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da s\u00e9rie padr\u00e3o de chumbo: Exatamente pipeta 0,0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4 ml de solu\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o de chumbo (1,0 \u03bcg\/ml) em flasks volum\u00e9tricos de 10 ml respectivamente. Adicionar 0,5 ml de solu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico a cada um, diluir para a marca, e obter solu\u00e7\u00f5es de s\u00e9rie padr\u00e3o de chumbo com concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de 0,0, 10,0, 20,0, 30,0 e 40,0 ng\/ml.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.2 Ensaios de amostras<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Condi\u00e7\u00f5es de ensaio Condi\u00e7\u00f5es de refer\u00eancia para detec\u00e7\u00e3o de espectrofotom\u00e9tro de absor\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00f4mica do forno de grafito<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Elemento<\/th>\nChumbo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Longitude de onda (nm)<\/td>\n283.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Largura de banda espectral (nm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Corrente de l\u00e2mpada de elementos (mA)<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M\u00e9todo de corre\u00e7\u00e3o de fundo<\/td>\nLampa de deut\u00e9rio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Programa de aquecimento de Furno de Graf\u00edto<\/strong><\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Passo<\/th>\nProcedimento<\/th>\nTemperatura ([UNK])<\/th>\nHora de Rampa (s)<\/th>\nHold Time (s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      1<\/td>\nSeco<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2<\/td>\nCenada<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3<\/td>\nAtomiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n1800<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      4<\/td>\nLimpar<\/td>\n1900<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Teste de amostras Determine a absor\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es padr\u00e3o, solu\u00e7\u00f5es de teste em branco e solu\u00e7\u00f5es de teste em sequ\u00eancia. subtrair a absorb\u00eancia da solu\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o zero da absorb\u00eancia de cada solu\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o. Plote uma curva de trabalho com concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de mass a como a abscissa e a absorb\u00eancia correspondente como a ordenada. Baseado na absorb\u00eancia medida da solu\u00e7\u00e3o de ensaio, encontrar a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de massa de chumbo da curva de trabalho.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3.3 Calcula\u00e7\u00e3o dos resultados<\/h3>\n
        F\u00f3rmula:<\/div>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Onde:<\/div>\n
        \u03c1\u2014\u2014 Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de massa de chumbo na amostra de \u00e1gua, em miligramos por litro (mg\/L);<\/div>\n
        \u03c11<\/span>\u2014 \u2014 Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de massa de chumbo na amostra de \u00e1gua obtida na curva padr\u00e3o, em nanogramas por mililitro (ng\/ml);<\/div>\n
        V1<\/span>\u00a0\u2014 \u2014 Volume da solu\u00e7\u00e3o amostral para determina\u00e7\u00e3o, em mililitros (ml);<\/div>\n
        V<\/span>\u00a0\u2014 \u2014 Volume da amostra original de \u00e1gua, em mililitros (ml);<\/div>\n
        1000 \u2013 \u2013 Fator de convers\u00e3o.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1. Method Overview After appropriate treatment, the sample is atomized in a graphite furnace, and the absorbance is measured at 283.3 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the absorbance of lead is proportional to its content, and quantification is performed by comparison with a standard series. 2. Instruments and Reagents 2.1 Instruments and Equipment 2.1.1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-food-and-drugs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3790"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3790\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}