{"id":3905,"date":"2025-09-04T11:10:27","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T03:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/?p=3905"},"modified":"2025-09-04T11:10:27","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T03:10:27","slug":"determination-of-lead-in-food-additive-sodium-pyrophosphate-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/applications\/determination-of-lead-in-food-additive-sodium-pyrophosphate-flame-atomic-absorption-spectrometry","title":{"rendered":"Determinaci\u00f3n del plomo en aditivo alimentario pirofosfato de sodio (espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica de llama)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Resumen del m\u00e9todo<\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Despu\u00e9s de tratar la muestra, los iones plomo forman un complejo con dietilditiocarbamato de sodio (DDTC) bajo una cierta condici\u00f3n de pH. El complejo se extrae y se separa con 4-metil-2-pentanona (MIBK), a continuaci\u00f3n se introduce en un espectr\u00f3metro de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica. Despu\u00e9s de la atomizaci\u00f3n por llama, la absorbancia se mide a una longitud de onda de 283,3 nm. Dentro de un cierto intervalo de concentraci\u00f3n, el valor de absorbancia del plomo es proporcional a su contenido, y la cuantificaci\u00f3n se realiza mediante comparaci\u00f3n con una serie est\u00e1ndar.<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. Instrumentos y reactivos<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.1 Instrumentos y equipos<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.1.1 Instrumentos de ensayo<\/h4>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"true\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N\u00famero de serie.<\/th>\n<th>Nombre<\/th>\n<th>Cantidad<\/th>\n<th>Requisitos t\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\n<th>Accesorios<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Espectrofot\u00f3metro de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica de llama<\/td>\n<td>1 conjunto<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e1mpara cat\u00f3dica hueca de plomo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Compresor de aire<\/td>\n<td>1 conjunto<\/td>\n<td>Presi\u00f3n nominal de descarga: 0,3 MPa<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Acetileno Gas<\/td>\n<td>1 cilindro<\/td>\n<td>Pureza \u2265 99,99%<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.1.2 Equipo de pretratamiento de muestras<\/h4>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"false\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N\u00famero de serie.<\/th>\n<th>Nombre<\/th>\n<th>Cantidad<\/th>\n<th>Requisitos t\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\n<th>Accesorios<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Balanza electr\u00f3nica<\/td>\n<td>1 conjunto<\/td>\n<td>Sensibilidad: 0,1 mg<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>vaso<\/td>\n<td>Varios<\/td>\n<td>Volumen: 150 ml<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Placa caliente ajustable<\/td>\n<td>1 conjunto<\/td>\n<td>Rango de temperatura: Temperatura ambiente ~ 300 \u2103<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>embudo separador<\/td>\n<td>Varios<\/td>\n<td>Volumen: 250 ml<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Micropipeta<\/td>\n<td>1 cada uno<\/td>\n<td>Rangos: 100 \u03bcL ~ 1000 \u03bcL, 1000 \u03bcL ~ 5000 \u03bcL<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Tubo colorim\u00e9trico<\/td>\n<td>Varios<\/td>\n<td>Volumen: 10 ml<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.2 Reagentes<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.2.1 Reagentes en bruto<\/h4>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"false\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N\u00famero de serie.<\/th>\n<th>Nombre<\/th>\n<th>Requisitos t\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\n<th>Observaciones<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>4-metil-2-pentanona (MIBK)<\/td>\n<td>Reagente anal\u00edtico (AR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Amoniaco Agua<\/td>\n<td>Reagente anal\u00edtico (AR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>sulfato de amonio<\/td>\n<td>Reagente garantizado (GR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Citrato de amonio<\/td>\n<td>Reagente anal\u00edtico (AR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Dietilditiocarbamato de sodio (DDTC)<\/td>\n<td>Reagente garantizado (GR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Bromothymol Azul<\/td>\n<td>Reagente anal\u00edtico (AR)<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u00c1cido n\u00edtrico<\/td>\n<td>Grado MOS<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.2.2 Reagentes preparados<\/h4>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"true\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N\u00famero de serie.<\/th>\n<th>Nombre<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e9todo de preparaci\u00f3n<\/th>\n<th>Observaciones<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n acu\u00e1tica de amon\u00edaco (1 1)<\/td>\n<td>Medir 50 ml de agua de amon\u00edaco, a\u00f1adirlo a 50 ml de agua, y mezclar bien.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n de sulfato de amonio (300 g\/L)<\/td>\n<td>Pesar 30 g de sulfato de amonio, disolverlo en agua, y diluir a 100 ml con agua.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n de citrato de amonio (250 g\/L)<\/td>\n<td>Pesar 25 g de citrato de amonio, disolverlo en agua y diluir hasta 100 ml con agua.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n de dietilditiocarbamato de sodio (DDTC) (50 g\/L)<\/td>\n<td>Pesar 5 g de dietilditiocarbamato de sodio, disolverlo en agua y diluir hasta 100 ml con agua.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n Indicadora Azul de Bromotimol (1 g\/L)<\/td>\n<td>Pese 0,1 g de azul de bromotimol, disuelve en agua y diluya hasta 100 ml con agua, luego mezcle bien.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n de \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico (5 95)<\/td>\n<td>Medir 50 ml de \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico, a\u00f1adirlo a 950 ml de agua, y mezclar bien.<\/td>\n<td>...... 8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.3 Normas de referencia<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2.3.1 Soluci\u00f3n de stock<\/h4>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"true\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N\u00famero de serie.<\/th>\n<th>\u00a1No! No!<\/th>\n<th>Nombre<\/th>\n<th>Requisitos t\u00e9cnicos<\/th>\n<th>Observaciones<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>GSB G 62071-90<\/td>\n<td>Soluci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de plomo<\/td>\n<td>Concentraci\u00f3n: 1000 \u03bcg\/ml<\/td>\n<td>Instituto Central de Investigaci\u00f3n de Hierro y Acero, Centro Nacional de Pruebas de Materiales de Hierro y Acero<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. C\u00e1lculo de resultados<\/h2>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">El contenido de plomo se expresa como fracci\u00f3n de masa\u00a0<span class=\"container-rkuXQi math-inline single-Z69glH\" data-custom-copy-text=\"W\">El W<\/span>\u00a0de plomo (Pb), en unidades de mg\/kg, calculado mediante la siguiente f\u00f3rmula:<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3906\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/666.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"153\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/666.png 153w, https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/666-150x75.png 150w, https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/666-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 153px) 100vw, 153px\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">D\u00f3nde:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">\n<li><span class=\"container-rkuXQi math-inline\" data-custom-copy-text=\"\\(m_1\\)\">M1<\/span>= Masa de plomo en la soluci\u00f3n de ensayo obtenida a partir de la curva de trabajo, unidad: miligramos (mg);<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"container-rkuXQi math-inline\" data-custom-copy-text=\"\\(m_0\\)\">M0<\/span>\u00a0= Masa de plomo en la soluci\u00f3n de ensayo en blanco obtenida a partir de la curva de trabajo, unidad: miligramos (mg);<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"container-rkuXQi math-inline single-Z69glH\" data-custom-copy-text=\"m\">metro<\/span>\u00a0= Masa de la muestra, unidad: gramo (g).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">La media aritm\u00e9tica de los resultados de determinaci\u00f3n paralela se toma como resultado de determinaci\u00f3n final. La diferencia absoluta entre los dos resultados de la determinaci\u00f3n paralela no exceder\u00e1 de 1 mg\/kg.<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Method Overview After the sample is treated, lead ions form a complex with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) under a certain pH condition. The complex is extracted and separated with 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK), then introduced into an atomic absorption spectrometer. After flame atomization, the absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. Within a certain concentration [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","category-food-and-drugs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3905\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pgeneral.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3905"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}